Abstract: The rapid development of technology has brought unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to become widely known in the current era. The market of UAVs is also predicted to continue growing with related technologies in the future. UAVs have been used in various sectors, including livestock, forestry, and agriculture. In agricultural applications, UAVs are highly capable of increasing the productivity of the farm and reducing farmers' workload. This study examines the urgency of UAV implementation in the agriculture sector. A short history of UAVs is provided in this paper to portray the development of UAVs from time to time. The classification of UAVs is also discussed to differentiate various types of UAVs. The application of UAVs in spraying and crop monitoring is based on the previous studies that have been done by many scientific groups and researchers who are working closely to propose solutions for agriculture-related issues. Furthermore, the limitations of UAV applications are also identified. The challenges in implementing agricultural UAVs in Indonesia are also presented. Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle, agricultural UAV, spraying, crop monitoring. 1. Introduction According to the United Nations (UN), the world population is projected to reach 9.7 billion people in 2050 (UN, 2015). This vast population would potentially double the food demand in the future (Hunter et al., 2017). Consequently, the ever-growing population that would emerge could cause food shortages in the future. This issue has become a severe problem since the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced similar speculation in which the current agricultural production must be increased by 70 percent by 2050 to meet the increasing demand for highquality food (Mundial, 2021). Many people suffering from hunger become a signal of how severe the food shortage is, and it was reported that more than 820 million people in 2018 were considered undernutrition (WHO, 2019). Surprisingly, the earlier data mentioned shows the increasing tendency towards people suffering from hunger since only around 690 million people were considered suffering from hunger in 2015.

Agriculture is an important economic sector in every country. The global population is growing at a rapid pace, as is the demand for food. Farmers' traditional methods are not sufficient to meet the demand at this time. As a result, some new automation methods are being introduced to meet these requirements while also providing numerous job opportunities in this sector. Artificial intelligence has emerged as one of the most important technologies in virtually every industry, including education, banking, robotics, agriculture, and so on. It is playing a critical role in the agriculture sector and is transforming the industry.AI protects the agriculture sector from a variety of threats, including climate change, population growth, labour shortages, and food safety.

With the global population expected to exceed 9 billion by 2050, food security is one of the most important objectives of our time. The agricultural economy employs 65–70 per cent of Africa's labour force and typically accounts for 30–40 per cent of GDP according to the World Bank. With the population in Africa estimated to reach about 2.6 billion by 2050, it is now important that agriculture and food systems be reviewed in order to find innovative approaches at improving food production and utilisation to enhance food security. Being a high-priority sector for the African economy, agriculture, broadly comprising farming and forestry, livestock (milk, eggs and meat) and fisheries, is on the verge of massive transformation with a greater focus on technology integration. Considering the spectrum of the sector, agriculture is still mired with challenges spread across the value chain and needs better optimisation of operations.

The agriculture sector is the foundation of any economy. However, with an increase in population, the agriculture sector will feel pressure and need to scale its supplies several times to cope with the increasing consumption. In addition, uncertain factors like climate change, diseases, and infertile land have propelled the sector to adopt innovative approaches like artificial intelligence to protect and increase crop yield. AI has the potential to change the agriculture sector by helping farmers minimize the risk of diseases, proactively adapt to changing climate conditions, monitor the security of crops using drones, etc., while keeping labor costs down (Figure 1). As a result, the overall AI in the agriculture market is projected to grow from an estimated $1B in 2020 to $4B by 2026, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.5% between 2020 and 2026. This series is about CV and DL for Industrial and Big Business Applications.

A major mass of India's population is still dependent on and practicing agriculture as their primary source of income. And this sector contributes around 15 per cent to the national GDP of the country. With the advancement of time and technology, there has been a trend of introducing new methodologies by tech entrepreneurs in the sector. Farmers are provided with modern technologies for better results for their income. Farming in India for a prolonged period of time has been based manually.

Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. The government has acknowledged the importance and potential of technology in the agriculture sector. It is promising to note that the budget prioritised agritech, especially with the push on DeepTech like artificial intelligence and geospatial systems and focus on drone shakti. Experts and leaders of the agriculture sector feel that the budgetary provisions and proposals will go a long way towards making the farming industry sustainable and profitable. Ajay Kakra, Leader, Food and Agriculture, PwC India said, "The focus on startups and agritech in the budget will be helpful for the development of a digital ecosystem and technology inclusion in the agri sector. However, most industry aspirations remain unmet."

Artificial intelligence means that a machine can mimic human intelligence and perform tasks. It happens when human intelligence is defined in a way that a machine can understand. And, AI technology in agriculture can make world a better place. Artificial Intelligence can perform simple to complex tasks. The objective of machine is to learn, reason-out, and percept.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) with help of Machine Learning (ML) can create an automated model for different fields. Agriculture and farming are one of the them, provides the food to the majority of populace on this earth that also need such technology to boost its productivity and efficiency. Machine learning is the branch of AI, and such AI models cannot be developed without using the machine learning process. The ML process involves using the training datasets into an algorithms to learn the certain patterns and predict the results learnt from such data sets. And when such models are trained enough to work automatically when exposed to new data and take actions without help of humans.

When two elite technologies meet, AI and IoT, we get Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT). Artificial intelligence combined with IoT will improve IoT operations, make human-machine interaction better, and intelligent data management. With AI on the side, a more efficient and thoughtful analysis of IoT device data is possible. In a usual scenario, IoT-enabled devices collect all the data according to their configuration. Then the data is passed to a cloud platform.

Agritech in India has seen a skyrocketing growth with numerous startups emerging with new technologies and advanced methods such as data analytics, machine learning and satellite imaging, among others to cater to the needs of Indian farmers and maximise their output. India with 118.7 million farmer households, accounting for more than half of the population is heavily dependent on agriculture as a primary source of income. But Indian agriculture is plagued by several problems both man made and natural such as; unavailability of seeds, small and fragmented land-holdings, problems with irrigation due to uncertain monsoon, shortage of finance among other necessities, leaving farmers helpless and with no option but to let their produce go at dirt cheap prices. Therefore, Agritech is clearly one of the most needed industries in India and here is a list of top 9 agritech startups helping Indian farmers by providing agronomic intelligence. Started in 2016 by Nishant Vats and Tauseef Khan, Gramophone is a one-stop e-commerce platform for farmers delivering agricultural inputs in more than 10,000 villages.